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Hydroponics vs soil

Hydroponics vs Soil Cultivation

Hydroponics decouples the root zone from soil variability. Higher yield, tighter water and nutrient control, more CAPEX, more agronomy discipline.

DimensionHydroponicsSoil Cultivation
Growing mediumSoil (native or amended)Substrate (coco, rockwool, perlite) or water (NFT/DWC)
Yield vs soilBaseline1.5–3× depending on crop and system
Water use / kgHigh70–90% lower (closed-loop possible)
Nutrient controlSlow, indirectReal-time EC/pH via fertigation
CAPEX / m²LowUSD 60–250/m² for the hydroponic system alone
Agronomy skillTraditionalHigher – needs trained grower and monitoring
Disease resetRotation, fallowSubstrate swap or line disinfection
Best-fit cropsField crops, orchards, root cropsTomato, pepper, cucumber, leafy greens, herbs, strawberries
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