Greenhouse type
Glass Greenhouse vs Plastic Greenhouse
This is the first structural decision on almost every commercial project, and it sets CAPEX, light, insulation, lifespan and the recladding cycle for the next 15 years. Glass wins on light, insulation and asset life; plastic wins on entry cost, phasing and speed of build.
Is a glass greenhouse always better?
No. Glass is better where heating and light limit production. In hot, high-radiation climates a well-ventilated plastic multi-tunnel with shading and cooling usually produces a better return per dollar of CAPEX, because the binding constraint is heat removal, not insulation.
| Dimension | Glass (Venlo / diffuse glass) | Plastic (multi-tunnel, film) |
|---|---|---|
| Installed CAPEX | USD 1.5M–3.5M / ha (high-tech, equipped) | USD 0.5M–1.5M / ha (ventilated to climatised) |
| Light transmission (new) | 82–90% with diffuse glass | 78–88% single film; lower on double |
| Insulation (U-value) | ~3.0 double / 5.8 single glass | ~6.0 single film, ~4.0 inflated double |
| Structural life | 20–30 years; glass rarely replaced | 12–20 years frame; film every 3–4 years |
| Recladding cost | Panel-level only | USD 20K–45K / ha every 3–4 years plus downtime |
| Best climate fit | Cool, low-radiation, heating-driven markets | Warm, high-radiation, cooling-driven markets |
| Build time | Longer; heavier foundations and tolerances | Faster; lighter foundations, phased expansion easy |
| Financing view | Longer depreciation, stronger collateral | Shorter assumed life, lower ticket |
Cost delta at a glance
- •On a 1 ha project, glass typically adds USD 0.8M–2.0M of CAPEX over an equivalent climatised plastic house.
- •In heating-driven climates the insulation gap can return USD 40K–120K per hectare per year in avoided heat, which is what closes the gap.
- •In hot climates the same insulation is a liability: cooling and ventilation, not glazing, decide the economics.
Planning-grade ranges for budgeting only. Actual pricing depends on site, specification, climate and supplier scope.
Choose Glass (Venlo / diffuse glass) when
- Cool, low-radiation climates where heating and light dominate the crop result
- High-value year-round crops financed over 10+ years
- Projects where recladding downtime is commercially unacceptable
Choose Plastic (multi-tunnel, film) when
- Warm and tropical climates where cooling, ventilation and water lead the design
- Phased projects that need the lowest entry CAPEX per hectare
- Markets where film and installation labour are cheap and locally available
Frequently asked questions
No. Glass is better where heating and light limit production. In hot, high-radiation climates a well-ventilated plastic multi-tunnel with shading and cooling usually produces a better return per dollar of CAPEX, because the binding constraint is heat removal, not insulation.
Indicatively USD 1.5M–3.5M per hectare fully equipped, versus USD 0.5M–1.5M for plastic depending on the climate package. The gap is roughly two to three times, and it widens once lighting and heat plant are added.
Glass. A Venlo structure is a 20–30 year asset with panel-level repairs, while a plastic house needs full recladding every three to four years and typically reaches 12–20 years on the frame.